Abnormal pricing in international commodity trading: Evidence from Ghana
نویسندگان
چکیده
Mispricing of international trade in natural resources contributes to significant tax base erosion from developing countries but is difficult measure using aggregate statistics. In this paper, we apply a novel approach motivated by legal rules for and transfer mispricing estimate abnormal pricing gold cocoa exports Ghana, i.e., valued outside an assumed arm's length price range that indicates fair market values. Using daily frequency, transaction-level data Ghana Customs, our results indicate abnormally undervalued equalled USD 8.8 billion constant prices (base year 2011) or 4.1 current between 2011 2017. Approximately 11% doré exports, 1% bean 7.2% paste appear undervalued. The implied corporate equals 2.2 2011), corresponding average annual decrease 0.3% Ghana's tax-to-GDP ratio.
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: International Economics
سال: 2022
ISSN: ['2542-6869', '2110-7017']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inteco.2022.01.002